Some of what follows is also referenced / even repeated elsewhere on these four webs (PART 1,2,3,4) related to the life and times of Jack de Montreuil who died on 25 May 2025.
The Uprising in France 2023
Riots: France 2023
Jack de Montreuil died on the 5th of May 2025. I was informed by an email from his companion Nathalie Turcovich who said, "He died from his lung cancer after a sudden deterioration in health." Yet again I was knocked sideways. How come there's no end over the last few years to my seemingly non-stop obituaries from Michel Prigent onto my twin bro' Stuart Wise then latterly, Loren Goldner from California, individuals I was forever holding private conservations with in my head when they were alive, night and day?? Now that Jackot / Jackot was gone who else could I communicate with about what was / is taking place in France as had been happening over the last few decades. Why only recently I'd been in non-stop communication with Jack over what was happening in France in 2023 re the many strikes against the proposed extension of retirement age promoted by President Macron which was concomitant with the excellent eco battles regarding the Earth Uprising movements in the Sante Soline against the constructions of concrete mega basins and which put our Extinction Rebellion non-violent ecological efforts to pathetic shame. Moreover, at the same time there were many, many urban riots mostly related to police brutality and racism that inspirationally really did get out of hand. In a way all these separate movements were beginning to overlap as they began to overflow and influence each other. Jack de Montreuil endlessly set me information plus one telling photo after another which in no time I put together as a kind of provisional text which was emailed to all my friends in the All Saints Rd vicinity in Notting Hill plus elsewhere.
Years previously they would have formed a really telling informational text to be placed immediately on the Revolt Against Plenty or Dialectical Butterflies webs. Then suddenly these webs were no more and I really didn't have a fukkin' clue as to what had happened, try as I might. Instead of a web all that was left was the name Cassiopeia together with supposed contact details directed towards a dead end. (Cassiopea, the Queen of Aethiopia, is a figure in Greek mythology known for her beauty and vanity, which ultimately led to her downfall and transformation into a constellation in the night sky.) Endlessly over the following months I would look over The Wayback Machine. Then suddenly during my searches some writing appeared saying the RAP web had been closed down by a secret order concocted by the American state. Dumbfounded, foolishly I immediately tried to find out more when I should of instantly copied and pasted the initial comments which I then could no longer find. Ever since I've kept looking for them but nothing, nothing, nothing... Was this cancel culture at its worst? Maybe therefore it makes more sense to examine a sadly changing general historical background?
Slowly but surely a morphing situationist perspective was disappearing quite rapidly after say, 2015. What was happening? Miguel Amoros was of the opinion that a dreadful counter-revolution was finally taking place especially in English speaking countries. Yes, it certainly feels like that as today you can hardly find traces anywhere of the situationist experience in say for what passes as contemporary revolutionary critique. As an interesting aside to all this - even though again utterly out of place - take a look at the writings of Alessi Dell' Umbria as they really have edge. Jackot / Jackot truly alerted me to this guy's on-going contribution. I was told this guy from Marseilles was a fellow traveller of Os Cangaceiros and had written some really interesting tracts around major social upheaval's in France over the last 20 years or so. Jack was right and I began to look for them and even more surprised that a few of his polemics had been translated into English. As Jack emailed to me in 2023:"Alessi Dell Umbria is a friend living in Marseille, he was one of us (Os Cangaceiros) in the 1980s (but it's unofficial of course!). If you look on the Internet, you will see he has already written a few books, which are all very interesting, whatever the subject: a popular history of Marseille, Tarentella rituals in South Italy, Jacques Mesrine, riots in French suburbs in 2005, indigenous revolts against white turbins in Tehuantepic (Southern Mexico) which is also an excellent documentary movie. Antimatrix (His last book, Antimatrix, is a theoretical book you should try to translate, and the book that goes some steps beyond La Societe du Spectacle - truly! And many other texts (like before with others, L'Incendie millenariste and also texts on Os Cangaceiros and FDVM)."
None of this was surprising as of course for years we had really good relationships with Os Cangaceiros plus hangers-on as many came to live in the UK during the heady years of the mid 1970s from a period of pre-revolutionary colossal urban rioting until the defeat of the miners strike in 1985. Basically these individuals lived in squats and what have you mainly in the broader London area fitting in with paradigms cum locations of the broader local counter-culture that was even then heading for its last legs. Then came the miners strike and the "Kangaroos" as we had collectively renamed them headed north especially to the mining area of Kiveton Park, east of Sheffield. There was an instant rapprochement which went on for ages.... indeed until the great reaction. Rather than go into the fascinating ins and outs, all articles related to this coming together many written by Stu' and me can be found on Libcom.org.
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It's certainly true that Alessi's account of the social upheaval -"C'est La Guerre" (see below )in the first six or so months of 2023 is so far the best account of those exhilarating moments. And then I found an excellent tract on the Gilets Jaunes disturbances in Marseilles in 2019. I rapidly found out too that Antimatrix was certainly a dense and very interesting text and by my reckoning a relevant update to Debord's The Society of the Spectacle although nearly 3 times longer. But is my French /Spanish or background knowledge up to it? However, it would be excellent if say MIT Press Ltd or others could publish a selection of Alessi Dell' Umbria's writings in English. The only extant article by Alessi is on Jacques Mesrine written a number of years ago around 2010 and an excellent, original take it is and available on Libcom.org.
R.I.P. Jacques Mesrine - Alèssi Dell'Umbria
For certain over the last few years more and more tracts have been given profile over the Internet of Alessi dell Umbria's writings . All this together with with a growing number of lengthy podcasts in French and Spanish. The backdrop to this appears to be Lundi Matin (Monday Morning) an Internet inspired radical collective that is way better than anything to be found in these benighted Isles or even the USA. Indeed Jack de Montreuil's account of the amazing Gilets Jaunes (Yellow Vests) revolt in France from 2017-20 was put together with chunks taken from Lundi Matin. (Or, was it an article Jackot /Jackot wrote for Lundi Matin under another pseudonym, never forgetting the guy had been on the run from the French police for decades?) In any case it was immediately put up on the Revolt Against Plenty web and will shortly hopefully be resurrected in all its former excellence. In 2023 I foolishly thought Alessi dell Umbria knew nothing about Debord or the broader situationist movement and said so to Jack! How wrong I was!!
Although Alessi is at least 20 years younger than myself he nevertheless from his early youth onwards was broadly on the same path and well aware of the situationists and their fall out and broadly seems to have inhabited something of a rebellious milieu anti a stultifying everyday life with basic orientations anchored around the nuclear family. But the time gap is obvious as we mocked - even attacked - all rock 'n' roll pro- moing though hanging onto the more poignant self-destructive outfits like The Doors, or the antics of Wild Man Fischer or occasional one-off records like "No more Heroes Anymore" from The Stranglers, though we basically wanted anything getting out of tune, an untutored cacophony with jazz improvisation moving into the seemingly ridiculous just like the end of our gatherings in my flat at 2 in the morning after consuming lots of home brewed wine and home grown ganja flourishing on my 3rd storey windowsill.
Come 20 or so years later and Alessi and mates were into a RAP and HIP HOP background connecting more with multi-racial youth in ghettoised suburbs and now in France hot beds of youth uprisings of which Alessi was to subsequently write eloquently about.
First though a more grounded comment upon the events of 2023 in France. The photos plus quite sparse commentary below were grounded in the early months of 2023. This was the moment when the French employed working class went on strike over the raising of the pensionable age. Largely it was organised by the French left of Jean-Luc Melenchon and Co of France Unbowed and part of the make up of the French parliament. It also involved the large trade union outfit of the CGT. In that sense it was all very traditional although being French it was also very leaky meaning that many independent initiatives from the base sprung into action plus black bloc insurrectionists joined in many demonstrations in the cities stimulating mini riots replete with vandalism plus acts of fire-raising everywhere with union bosses even be-moaning the fact they could no longer control their members. Some of this was very impressive indeed as some of the photos imply. But the traditional leftist hierarchy remained more or less firmly intact and as the weeks went by began to weary and the strikes began to cave though many workers remorselessly carried on. Impressive indeed.
But then, as previously mentioned other forces from below began to smell the coffee and ones far more relevant to this time and age and far far more horizontal and leaderless in character. How shall we ever forget the great ecological revolt in Sante Soline plus later in the year a quite stunning multi-racial youth rebellion against police brutality in many cities and towns (even small towns) throughout France and the like of which the country had never previously known even though it received little publicity in the UK and elsewhere at the time.
In a way 1923 in France was a kind of May '68 but without the profile, especially in the English speaking world. Students and school kids joined in, universities were occupied. Many a spontaneous manifesto was written and tellingly none have been translated or even mentioned WHY?..... BECAUSE NOW IN THE ENGLISH SPEAKING PART OF THE WORLD, IT SEEMS WE AREN'T ALLOWED TO KNOW...........
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BUT LET'S NOW COPY IN SOME OF THE MATERIAL (mostly from Jack) I FORWARDED TO FRIENDS HERE, THERE AND EVERYWHERE.................
Sat, Feb 11, 2023 at 12:51 PM
"Got this from my old mate Jack. This is a good laugh from the renewed lignite mine in West Germany
Best. Dave"
Forwarded Message -----
From: jackot jackot
Sent: Sunday, January 29, 2023 at 10:14:36 AM GMT
Subject: Lützerath : "la terre mère les a aspirés !"
Je me suis planté de lien, l'autre jour, quant à la lutte contre l'extension de la mine de Lützerath, où
"la terre mère a aspiré les flics" :
[Libcom machine translation: I misread the link the other day regarding the fight against the Lützerath mine expansion, where "Mother Earth sucked in the cops":]
Now back to France a couple of months later as more and more stuff flowed from Jack de Montreuil..........
Sun, Mar 19, 2023 at 11:54 PM
Info from old friends in France especially Jack de Montreuil who belonged to "The Gravediggers of the Old World" and then Os Cangaceiros. Many ended up prison, another mate - Guillaume - living in exile in Germany where he formed "The Happy Unemployed"..... They were daredevil in their escapades.......(Comment from David Wise)....
Above: Place de la Concorde, Paris . - late Friday night!!!!!! Shades of 1968 taking up paving stones
Above: Lyon Town Hall last Saturday night: wrecked by a big gang of teenagers, some on scooters so les flics couldn't catch them.
Above: Blocking a station by standing on rail tracks. Union bosses last Saturday - in France - saying they can no longer control their members!!!!!!
Above two photos: Rue Mouffetard. Latin Quarter, Paris Friday 17 March. 10,000 tons of rubbish on the streets of Paris. Cobblestones have been power drilled up to throw them at les flics as happened last night. Black Bloc? I don't know. Some striking bin workers have even put together a small manifesto saying we should consume less! Great. Riots all over France last night. Most art schools occupied as well as universities. Some groups of students have even put together manifestoes criticising the content of their courses!
Above: Paris Ring Road. Friday morning, 17th March 2023
Above: A great photo-shop of Macron!!!!!!!
Above: French skool kids on Friday. 17 March 2023 blocking Lamentine High School
Above: ONE Entrance to Sorbonne. Reference to Paris Commune of 1871
Above: DEATH TO WORK at Gare du Nord station, Paris
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Tue, Mar 21, 2023 at 10:01 PM
MONDAY AND TUESDAY (20th /21st March 2023) THROUGHOUT FRANCE
Above: Opera Garnier, Paris, Monday night, 20 March 2023.(One of over 1,200 violent incidents that night throughout France - usually involving police - but with much vandalism and small fires everywhere. Astonishing! Nothing in the press here in the despicably ruled shit-hole of the UK about such a big uprising) Of the hundreds arrested so far over the last 48 hours and more, hardly any have been released so far from police stations...
Above: If you can read this twitter comment, it's an inventive cartoon of a flower head with petals made up of police shields and the buds are made up of hemmed-in 'kettled' demonstrators. The caption from mouths of 'buds' says "Spring is here" and "Buds are bursting out everywhere" (although there should be a better lingo translation here of the latter comment but can't think of one at the mo')
Above: demonstrator with his fingers up at an oil terminal in Fos-sur-Mer
"Tempers are flailing, people are telling themselves that without violence, nothing happens. It's going to be hard to control," From a national coordinator of French Energy stationed at the above terminal
Above: An MP's office who supports the increase in pensions gets his windows smashed. (Alpes Maritimes) Many other MP's have also had the offices done over in one way or other...Students here also carried a big placard saying:" LOUIS 16th GOT THE CHOP IN 1789. YOU ARE NEXT MACRON"........
Above: Nantes today. All part of the "Operation DEAD CITY" whereby protestors are blocking all roads leading to major towns and cities throughout France attempting to bring functioning capitalism to a complete halt. Behind this, one of Elon Musk's tesla cars was turned on its side and then covered in glued-on, subversive posters.! NICE ONE. Hope it frightens Musk!!!!!!!!!!!
Above: Operation DEAD CITY in progress near Marseilles today March 21 2023
Above: A protestor kicks-in the window of a bank in Strasbourg
Above: police trying to control a riot in Lille
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"C'EST LA GUERRE" !
"IT'S WAR"
By Alessi Del Umbria (July 1st 2023)
Published in French in lundimatin#390, July 6, 2023
In Vitry-sur-Seine (Val-de-Marne), during a riot sequence on Thursday, June 29, an armoury was looted, and at least two shotguns and three shotguns stolen. The K'1 Fry Mafia, most of whose members come from Vitry-sur-Seine, announced fifteen years ago in a famous rap: "It's war!" Here we are.
"Refusal to comply", the argument that kills. There is even a law, passed in 2017, that makes it official. Thus, on June 14, in Angoulême, Alhoussein Camara, a 19-year-old Guinean, was shot dead during a police check while he was on his way to work at 4 a.m., without any witnesses at that early hour. A hallucinatory detail that says a lot about the alleged independence of the judiciary: while the death of a person automatically leads to the extinction of the prosecution, the Angoulême prosecutor's office immediately opened an investigation against the deceased for "refusal to comply and violence with a weapon", a pure media procedure to smear the victim and justify this murder. On June 27 in Nanterre, bad luck for the cops, someone was found to film and record the lyrics. 1
.
"Don't move or I'll put a bullet in your head", "Shoot him!". It's war. It is also a civil war. Because every day since June 27, average French people who condone Nahel's assassination have been pouring out their racism and their security neuroses on antisocial networks, and the simple cohabitation with such people is becoming more and more problematic. A fundraiser in support of his killer raised €850,000 out of a goal of €50,000. In a country where Cyril Hanouna and Éric Zemmour are exploding the ratings, we could not expect better than to hear them repeat in chorus, like the Pavlovian clebards that they are, the refrain about the rebellious young people of the neighborhoods who would be dealers, while the coal bosses have always opposed the revolt that disrupts their business.2
.
We don't even dare to imagine what some cops will be tempted to do if the message is to kill someone to find a kitty of almost a million euros.
***
Two very different sequences have just followed one another in France since the beginning of this year. In the first months, there were massive demonstrations against the pension reform, which was rejected by three-quarters of the population if we are to believe the polls. Supervised on agreed routes and according to well-known modalities, repeated every month, on each day of action, until the inevitable and long-awaited exhaustion. Apart from a few departures in wild demonstrations and a few blockades, everything worked as planned to the point that the government wanted to salute the civic-mindedness of the trade unions. The spectacle of a dignified and responsible protest, expressed in all civility and legality, left the government free to pass its bill by allowing itself the luxury of openly flouting the national representation and its unfortunate voters, to whom all that remains is to swallow all the shame.
And suddenly, at the beginning of this summer, a sudden outbreak of an uncontrolled revolt, after one police crime too many, and which overwhelms the forces of order and leaves all political rackets on the sidelines. There is no protest, it is taking revenge, in all directions. And unlike what happened in 2005, it goes beyond the housing estates, it also strikes in the centre of cities, and even small towns. Gendarmeries were set on fire in villages of 5000 inhabitants... A revolt that has the sympathy of a large part of the youth, beyond the working-class neighborhoods, is causing consternation among some adults. This is because, as a classmate remarked, "kids have an insane capacity to think outside the symbolic structures that lock us in." This power escapes all rackets, even if it will inevitably be exhausted in the face of police repression. An expression of a more than legitimate rage, this collective release also took on carnivalesque aspects, which are underlined by the fireworks and the joy of looting. 3
.
Well-meaning France can deplore Nahel's death at a pinch – even Micro said it was "inexcusable"! – but it judges harshly the outburst of anger that followed it. "If you're angry, it's because you're not able to reason logically, since, at least in the West, anger is the enemy of reflection, that's a paternalistic thing, you know, these ways of saying basically that you're primitive, you don't know how to organize your thoughts, that's a way of disqualifying yourself, to disqualify the speech and it's also a way to ensure a certain comfort, that is to say I want to hear you but tell me nicely that it's not uncomfortable: no sometimes it's a spit in your face that I want to send you so that you understand, that's real, that... " remarked the rapper Casey a few years ago.
That's where we are, with all these well-established people who deplore Nahel's death but condemn the violence. They would have wanted the young people to go to the cops with an olive branch in their hands after the summary execution of a 17-year-old boy? After all these deaths, those mutilated? But by dint of playing it over and over again, the record of the call for calm is definitively scratched.
With each police murder, we see the supporters of the status quo, all these professional mediators - SOS Racisme, of course, which did not fail to produce its communiqué, signed by people who have never done anything but call for calm for forty years. Not a month goes by without cops who have been given the right to do everything to execute someone, almost always a person of race, with the support of colleagues and the entire hierarchy.
Violence will not bring Nahel back, we hear repeatedly. But it will at least have the merit of nourishing memory, and that is already a lot to inaugurate a political tradition of the rebels. Without this, who would still remember Zyed and Bouna? The adults, so reasonable and in reality so resigned, deplore the blind violence of the revolt, but what have they passed on to the young people, to this generation revolted by the death of one of their own? Nothing but a total political vacuum that immediately disqualifies their moralistic judgments.
***
In Marseille, the revolt led to a wave of systematic looting, several hundred signs according to the press, even people we thought were close were indignant. "Bad boys of Marseille", sang Marseille rap thirty years ago: well here they are, the bad boys in question, in the street, and how many people who, even in the rap world, now disavow them for their excesses? Rap represents, according to an expression so common in hip-hop circles, but here we are more than in representation, it is directly experienced.
So we hear tears for the shopkeepers, who for the most part have never seen beyond the contents of their cash drawers and do not miss an opportunity to call for more police: but we hadn't heard them too much, those who launch appeals for calm and dignity, who cry for broken windows and looted merchandise, about the assassination of Zineb Redouane by the CRS on 1st December 2018, during another riot in the city. However, the memory of it is still vivid in our country...
On the other hand, we hear people lamenting that Lidl and Aldi are being looted and/or burned in the suburbs these days, with the argument that it is probably people from working-class neighbourhoods who work there: it's funny because from this same argument we can come to the opposite conclusion, namely, that some of the looters and arsonists acted precisely BECAUSE THEY HAD WORKED IN THEM. Blind destruction? However, in the northern districts, young people set fire to an Aldi and attacked the Grand Littoral shopping centre, but no one touched the Après-M 4
We hear blame for these acts because they attack "the neighbourhood". As if the neighbourhood were a blissful Arcadia, as if it were not also a place of conflict, where exploitation is practiced and frustration reigns. However, it is not so difficult to understand that for young people in the housing estates, these discount supermarkets make up a hostile environment, suspicious as they are as soon as they enter them, under the eye of security guards and cameras, condemned to leave with their basic desires that are never satisfied. It is the place of deprivation that has become richer. Let us spare them more indecent moral lessons than ever, coming from people who have never lacked anything. Moreover, they were not satisfied with snatching up flat screens and pairs of Nikes. In Montreuil, where all the supermarkets were looted, the adults testify: "I saw them last night, very young people, going out with bags of food full to the brim, it was striking." "As if they were shopping for their mother!" "They took everything, the store is empty," says the security guard of an Auchan in Montreuil: in these times of galloping inflation, who would be surprised?
Meanwhile, we hear other young people who don't really have the same profile: "Everything is falling apart", "I'm at the end of my life"... not because of Nahel being murdered, but because of Mylène Farmer's concert cancelled because of riots. "Mylène, come back to us quickly, I'm sad and so devastated, I haven't stopped crying since Friday"... By such facts is measured the abjection of an era. Between that and the pot for the murderous cop...
***
Armoured vehicles in the streets were starting to get used to them, since the attack on the ZAD in the spring of 2018 and the repression of the Yellow Vests. But we crossed a threshold with the intervention of RAID, a unit specialized against terrorists. We saw Robocops equipped with high-end assault rifles intervene to stop kids who had just nicked candy and sodas in a gutted store shouting: "It's war!"
These same cops who allowed themselves to demonstrate in Paris, not so long ago, in the middle of the night, hooded and with their service weapons, at the call of their openly factious unions, demanding the right to kill again and receive the support of almost all elected officials, from Éric Ciotti to Fabien Roussel. Spoiled children of this regime, who get their every repressive whim satisfied and who are equipped with all the latest technological toys designed to maim and kill.
This police, which is increasingly constituting itself as an autonomous power within the state itself, and claims full powers over a justice system that is already largely under its orders, will benefit in the streets from the reinforcement of fascist groups (Identitarians, GUD, AF etc.). In several cities, especially in the west, groups of "patriots" organized raids to supplement the overwhelmed police force, and even made arrests. When we also know the interweaving of the far right and certain cops with arms trafficking, against a backdrop of ideological complicity, we can be worried.
But as a sign brandished during a rally in St Denis on June 30 said, "It's going to be complicated to dissolve the suburbs". Especially since this sequence will have made it possible to sketch out specific alliances. Already the demonstration of the day before in Nanterre, called by Nahel's mother, had brought together a motley and composite crowd: if the atrocious death of Zyed and Bouna in October 2005 had not seemed to move beyond the suburbs, that of Nahel resonated immediately in a much wider field.
Let us salute the political courage of the participants of the cancelled Marseille Pride, who demonstrated this Sunday despite the prefectural ban. "It's not a party, we're in mourning": gathered at the Porte d'Aix, the participants marched in the city behind a banner: "No pride for the cops and no cops in our Pride" and shouting "Nahel, Souheil, Zineb and Adama, we don't forget we don't forgive", "No justice, no peace. Death to the police state", "Darmanin we block you from Marseille to Mayotte", sometimes taken up by onlookers.
This is because, from the Yellow Vests to the Sainte Soline demonstration, the experience of state violence is now widely shared and it is a basis on which it must be possible to build alliances. Because this violence is not anecdotal, as those who call for calm and plead for a republican police force that respects the citizen would have us believe. The police, which has never been anything more than the armed wing of the ruling class, constitutes the ultimate pillar of these weakened liberal-authoritarian regimes.
It will be objected that it is not the same thing to suffer police harassment on a daily basis and find oneself in mortal danger at each police checkpoint, as it is to suffer repression during one-off actions such as a yellow vest march or the blockade of an ecomonstrous construction site. But for the people who have been disfigured or mutilated during these actions, and who will carry it all their lives, for their loved ones, for their comrades, it is something that will never fade.
The revolt that broke out in many North American cities after the murder of George Floyd in May 2020 led to the public question of the dissolution of the police. In France, this is the question that no one dares to ask yet and it is a pity. Because when a regime is held together only by its police, it means that a decisive situation will soon arrive, and that we must think about it without too much delay.
Alèssi DELL'UMBRIA, 1st July 2023.
Photo: Tulyppe
After the revolt of 2005, Alèssi Dell'Umbria published the excellent "C'est de la racaille? Well, I am! ", republished in 2008 by Agone under the title "La rage et la révolte".
- 1"If spectacular information makes us insensitive to the world, it was enough for a teenager to have the courage to film the murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020 in Minneapolis with her smartphone to make a reality that is generally off-screen sensitive. That African-Americans are victims of police violence is certainly not a scoop, but the images of a dying man suffocated by an impassive cop exude much more than just information power. The dehumanization of the victim and the inhumanity of his murderer appear with such force in these raw images that they are enough to establish an authentic narrative plan: they function as a signal from the repressed. (...) And the obscenity of showing the death of a human being is then reversed: it is the obscenity of the condition of African-Americans that emerges through this terrible scene. And it is remarkable that the emotion provoked by these images immediately took on a common form, in the street. Alèssi Dell'Umbria, Antimatrix, The Tempest, thesis 305.
- 2By the way, what Zemmour's propaganda ignores is that if the dealers are mostly racialized, the customers are mostly white...
- 3"In times of gathering, one must not arbitrarily choose one's path. Secret forces are at work that lead together those who have affinities with each other. One must abandon oneself to such an attraction; So we don't make a mistake." Yi Jing, Book of Changes.
- 4This former McDonald's located in the heart of the Northern Districts, in St Barthélémy, was occupied for a long time by its employees after the management decreed its closure. It was one of the few places of sociability in these stricken neighborhoods. The occupants, themselves from the surrounding social housing estates, finally managed to turn it into a self-managed restaurant in 2020.